Overview of Java Island

Java is an island in Indonesia with a population of 136 million, this island is densely populated islands in the world and is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. The island is inhabited by 60% of Indonesia's population. The capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, is located in western Java. Much of Indonesian history took place on the island. Java used to be a center of some Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, Islamic sultanates, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration, as well as the center of Indonesia's independence movement. The island is a very large impact on the social, political, economic and Indonesia.

Java is an island that is largely formed from volcanic activity, is the thirteenth largest island in the world, and the fifth largest in Indonesia. Rows of volcanoes forming the ranks that stretched from east to west island. There are three main language on the island, but the majority of the population uses the Java language. Java language is the mother tongue of 60 million people in Indonesia, and most of the speakers dwelt on the island of Java. Most residents are bilingual, speaking both as Indonesia first or second language. Most of the inhabitants of Java are Muslim, but there are various religions, beliefs, religions, ethnic groups, and cultures on this island.

The island is administratively divided into four provinces, namely West Java, Central Java, East Java and Banten, as well as two special areas of Jakarta and Yogyakarta.

Yogyakarta City of Indonesia

Yogyakarta (also Jogja, Jogjakarta) is a city and capital of Yogyakarta Special Region on Java in Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to 1949. One of the districts in Yogyakarta, Kotagede, was the capital of Mataram Sultanate between 1575 and 1640. The city is named after the Indian city of Ayodhya from the Ramayana epic. Yogya means 'suitable, fit, proper', and karta, 'prosperous, flourishing' (i.e., 'a city that is fit to prosper').

DIY situated in the south-central part of the island of Java, is geographically located at 7o3'-8o12 'south latitude and 110o00'-110o50' east longitude. Based on the landscape, DIY regions can be grouped into four physiographic units, namely physiographic units Merapi Volcano, Southern Mountains physiographic units or Mountains Thousand Mountains physiographic units Kulonprogo and Lowlands physiographic units.

Merapi Volcano physiographic units, ranging from the volcanic cones to fluvial plains volcanoes including volcanic landscape, covering Sleman, Yogyakarta and some Bantul. Areas and slopes cone volcano is a protected forest area as a water catchment area of ​​the subordinate. Landscape unit is located in the northern part of Sleman. Mount Merapi, which is an active volcano with special characteristics, has appeal as an object of research, education, and tourism.

Karts dominate the way the structure of the earth in the southern Gunungkidul

South Mountain Unit or the Thousand Mountains, located in the Gunungkidul, an area of ​​limestone hills (limestone) and karst landscapes are barren and lack of surface water, with the center of a basin Wonosari (Wonosari Basin) which has undergone tectonic removal forming to Plato Wonosari (Wonosari plateau). This unit is a landscape results solusional process (dissolution), with limestone parent material and has the characteristics of a shallow layer of soil and vegetation cover is very sparse.

Kulonprogo Mountains Unit, located in the northern part Kulonprogo, a structural landscape denudasional with hilly topography, steep slope and soil water potential is small.

Unit Lowlands, a landscape fluvial (river deposition process results) are dominated by alluvial plains, stretching across the southern part of Yogyakarta, ranging from Kulonprogo to Bantul bordering the Thousand Mountains. This unit is a fertile area. Included in this unit is a marine landscape and eolin are not utilized, an area that stretches from coast to Bantul Kulonprogo. Special landscape marin and eolin in Parangtritis Bantul, which is famous for its sand dunes, is a natural laboratory for the study of coastal landscapes.

Plain Parangtritis

The physiographic conditions affected the population distribution, the availability of infrastructure and facilities area, and socio-economic activities of the population, as well as the progress of unequal development among regions. Areas that are relatively flat, such as fluvial plains region covering Sleman, Yogyakarta and Bantul (particularly in the Urban Agglomeration of Yogyakarta) is an area with a high population density and have a social and economic activities with high intensity, so it is a more developed regions and growing.

Two watersheds (DAS) is quite large in the province is in the western basin and watershed Progo Opak-Oya in the east. The rivers are well known in the province include the River Attack, Progo, Bedog River, River Winongo, Boyong River-Code, Gajah Wong River, Opak River, and river Oya.

Republic of Indonesia

Indonesia officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 34 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's sixteenth largest by nominal GDP and fifteenth largest by purchasing power parity.

The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhistkingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.

Across its many islands, Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups. The largest-and politically dominant-ethnic group are the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity"literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread.

Indonesia is also a member of the United Nations and the only member to ever come out of the UN, namely on January 7, 1965, and rejoined on the 28th September 1966 and remained declared Indonesia's 60th member, the same membership since joining Indonesia on 28 September 1950. In addition to the United Nations, Indonesia is also a member of the ASEAN, APEC, OIC, G-20 and will be a member of the OECD.

The name Indonesia derives from the Latin and Greek Indus, and the Greek nèsos, meaning "island". The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesians - and, his preference, Malayunesians - for the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago". In the same publication, a student of Earl's, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian Archipelago. However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use Indonesia. Instead, they used the terms Malay Archipelago (Maleische Archipel); the Netherlands East Indies(Nederlandsch Oost Indië), popularly Indië; the East (de Oost); and Insulinde.

After 1900, the name Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression. Adolf Bastian, of the University of Berlin, popularized the name through his book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894. The first Indonesian scholar to use the name was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a press bureau in the Netherlands with the name Indonesisch Pers-bureau in 1913.