Yogyakarta (also
Jogja, Jogjakarta) is a city and capital of Yogyakarta Special Region on Java
in Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and
culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows.
Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution
from 1945 to 1949. One of the districts in Yogyakarta, Kotagede, was the
capital of Mataram Sultanate between 1575 and 1640. The city is named after the
Indian city of Ayodhya from the Ramayana epic. Yogya means 'suitable, fit,
proper', and karta, 'prosperous, flourishing' (i.e., 'a city that is fit to
prosper').
DIY situated in
the south-central part of the island of Java, is geographically located at
7o3'-8o12 'south latitude and 110o00'-110o50' east longitude. Based on the
landscape, DIY regions can be grouped into four physiographic units, namely
physiographic units Merapi Volcano, Southern Mountains physiographic units or
Mountains Thousand Mountains physiographic units Kulonprogo and Lowlands
physiographic units.
Merapi Volcano
physiographic units, ranging from the volcanic cones to fluvial plains
volcanoes including volcanic landscape, covering Sleman, Yogyakarta and some
Bantul. Areas and slopes cone volcano is a protected forest area as a water
catchment area of the subordinate. Landscape unit is located in the northern
part of Sleman. Mount Merapi, which is an active volcano with special
characteristics, has appeal as an object of research, education, and tourism.
Karts dominate
the way the structure of the earth in the southern Gunungkidul
South Mountain Unit or the
Thousand Mountains, located in the Gunungkidul, an area of limestone hills
(limestone) and karst landscapes are barren and lack of surface water, with the
center of a basin Wonosari (Wonosari Basin) which has undergone tectonic
removal forming to Plato Wonosari (Wonosari plateau). This unit is a landscape
results solusional process (dissolution), with limestone parent material and
has the characteristics of a shallow layer of soil and vegetation cover is very
sparse.
Kulonprogo
Mountains Unit, located in the northern part Kulonprogo, a structural landscape
denudasional with hilly topography, steep slope and soil water potential is
small.
Unit Lowlands, a landscape
fluvial (river deposition process results) are dominated by alluvial plains,
stretching across the southern part of Yogyakarta, ranging from Kulonprogo to
Bantul bordering the Thousand Mountains. This unit is a fertile area. Included
in this unit is a marine landscape and eolin are not utilized, an area that
stretches from coast to Bantul Kulonprogo. Special landscape marin and eolin in
Parangtritis Bantul, which is famous for its sand dunes, is a natural
laboratory for the study of coastal landscapes.
Plain Parangtritis
The physiographic
conditions affected the population distribution, the availability of
infrastructure and facilities area, and socio-economic activities of the
population, as well as the progress of unequal development among regions. Areas
that are relatively flat, such as fluvial plains region covering Sleman,
Yogyakarta and Bantul (particularly in the Urban Agglomeration of Yogyakarta)
is an area with a high population density and have a social and economic
activities with high intensity, so it is a more developed regions and growing.
Two watersheds
(DAS) is quite large in the province is in the western basin and watershed
Progo Opak-Oya in the east. The rivers are well known in the province include
the River Attack, Progo, Bedog River, River Winongo, Boyong River-Code, Gajah
Wong River, Opak River, and river Oya.